At a time when most industrialists have expressed reservations about opening up new units in West Bengal (WB), entrepreneurs belonging to the toy industry are still optimistic of doing business in the region. The immense growth potential for the toy manufacturers in the eastern region, coupled with the consistent government attempts made over the last few years to give this sector a leg-up have been prompting several SME toy manufacturers to set up factories in WB.

The rising interest shown by investors as well as SME businesses to set up toys manufacturing units in WB has brought a ray of hope to the existing industry players in these troubled times.

Boost to toy industry

The high demand for toys, ample opportunities and the vacuum created due to the imposition of restrictions on the import of Chinese toys have made the toy business lucrative. It is all the more attractive for small players in WB since there is immense growth potential in the toy business.

Furthermore, the state government’s plans to open toy training and manufacturing centres in West Midnapore and establish toy-making units in other parts have also made WB an ideal destination for small-scale toy manufacturers to set up their factories here. The government has joined hands with Institute of Toy Making Technology (ITMT) and the Central government to set up a toy-manufacturing plant at Haldia.

“The development of toy training and manufacturing centres in WB will benefit the small-scale units to get trained workers and also help them get better infrastructural facilities,” said R Choudhary, Proprietor of Kids World, a small-sized supplier of toys in Kolkata.

However, to encourage more toy-manufacturing SMEs to set up base at WB and attract more investors, the state government needs to initiate more proactive steps to provide land for the industry. Bureaucratic hassles and tax issues have to be resolved to give a fillip to the toy manufacturing units in the region.

“Simplification of regulations, easing of tax burden and making land available will help the existing Toys Manufacturers units to increase their production and also enable new players to set up factories in WB,” said A Rashid, Spokesperson of Wonderland, a small-sized toy supplier in Kolkata.

Besides, extension of technological know-how, testing and certification facilities will also help the SME toy companies in WB to develop high-tech products, which can comply with the global safety standards and also compete with the best in the market.

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When a person buys a product, the purchaser expects it to perform in a manner that does not cause injury. If the product is defective, the product will fail and the user may be seriously injured or even killed. If a person buys a product and suffers an injury in the course of its proper use, that person may be entitled to money damages for the injuries suffered by filing a claim for product liability against the manufacturer and other parties along the chain of commerce. A product is said to be faulty or defective if it causes some injury or damage to a person as a result of a defect in the product, or its labeling, or the way the product was used. The manufacturer, the distributor, the supplier, the retailer and others involved in the selling the product are often liable for injuries caused and the resulting damages.

Examples of product liability cases could include: airbags; seat belts; brakes; cribs; flammable products; child products; drugs; power tools and equipment; and other inherently dangerous products. In certain instances these cases can also form the basis of a class action lawsuit.

There are three types of product defects: design defect; manufacturing defect; and/or marketing defect. A design defect occurs when the product is not safe for its intended use. In other words, the manufacturer fails to design a product safe for its intended use. The manufacturer could have anticipated the possible risk and the product could have been designed differently to avoid the risk. A manufacturing defect is a defect which happens during the manufacturing process. It is different from a design problem. The product can fail or malfunction if there is a manufacturing defect despite being safely designed. A manufacturing defect happens if the manufacturer uses materials of an inferior quality or uses the wrong materials. The failure of a manufacturer to exercise proper quality control can also result in a manufacturing defect. Manufacturing defects are defects that were not intended. The third reason for a product malfunction is an marketing defect. A marketing defect is the failure of the manufacturer to warn the user of a danger or provide proper instructions for use of the product. Marketing defects result from the manner in which a product is sold. The manufacturer has the obligation to warn users of any potential danger from the use of the product and also provide proper instructions. The common element in nearly all faulty or defective products cases is negligence on the part of the manufacturer. However, in certain instances, the manufacturer of an unreasonably dangerous product might be held strictly liable for any damage caused by use of that product without the need to show the manufacturer was negligent.

Generally, all states have laws that allow compensation to persons injured by defective products. The defect may be obvious or not-so obvious. These compensable damages could include: past and future medical; surgical and hospital bills; past and future lost wages; pain and suffering; permanent disabilities; out of pocket expenditures; loss of consortium for a spouse and in certain cases, punitive damages.

A faulty product can also result in death. Death due to a faulty product can give rise to a claim for wrongful death. If the product fails or malfunctions and the user dies as a result of the failure or malfunction, the survivors of the user can file a suit for wrongful death against the manufacturer of the product. In addition to a claim for wrongful death, the manufacturer will also be liable under the product liability laws. An injured party who institutes a wrongful death case might also recover money damages for: past and future doctor, hospital, therapy and medical bills; past and future lost wages; out of pocket expenditures; pain and suffering; loss of life’s enjoyment; and a loss of consortium claim for a spouse. Additionally, an economist might have to be hired to determine the extent of any future lost wage or loss of opportunity claim.

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"The blood product industry is stemmed and developed from the blood transfusion, belonging to the conceptual category of biological products. The blood products, extracted the plasma proteins and factor concentrates from the blood, are the precious human biological products with irreplaceable prevention functions to many diseases. So far, there is no qualified man-made substitute. 

In 2008, the market scale of global blood products were 12 billion USD, up by about 10% of 2007. The giants, CSL Behring, Talecris Biotherapeutics Inc, Grifols, S.A., Baxter International Inc, Octapharma AG and etc, occupied the major market shares. The market concentration of the global blood product industry was improved. After the merger of Bayer by Talecris Biotherapeutics Inc, CSL Behring merged Talecris Biotherapeutics Inc with 3.1 billion USD.

In 2008, the market scale of Chinese blood products was less than 1 billion USD. Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co., Ltd, Hualan Biological Engineering Inc and Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd were the leaders of Chinese blood product industry. The scales of Chinese domestic blood product enterprises were all very small. The major factors affecting the development of the enterprises were capitals, technologies and materials and so on. The competitiveness of Chinese blood product enterprises mainly showed in the plasma volumes in operation, production lines and brand construction. The plasma volumes in operation not only represented the scale effect but also reflected the enterprises` control abilities of the blood resources; the production lines represented not only the technological levels of the blood product enterprises but also means single product costs undertook by more products. The brand construction represented that the price would not be the only standard to determine the sales volumes because of the special safety requirements of the blood products. The famous enterprises could get comparatively high gross profit rate in the process of competition. In 2008, the gross profits of Chinese blood products were between 20 to 60 percent.

In 2008, the yields of Chinese blood products were decreased compared with last year. However, because of the growth in the average sale price of Chinese blood products, the total sales revenues were increased compared with last year.

The major reason for the yield decline of Chinese blood products is the bottleneck in the raw materials, the policy elements leading to the insufficient collections of the Source Plasma. Out of the consideration for the safety, Chinese government lists injection, biological products and special medicines as the high risky supervised products, blood products and vaccines as the key highly risky products. Since 1st July, 2008, Chinese government carried out the inspection period systems to the source plasma before the production of blood products, that is to lay aside the collected qualified source plasma for 90 days, then make a serological and virology inspection of the donator’s plasma sample, if qualified, the source plasma could be used into the production of blood products. This measure strengthened the safety of the blood products, but leading to the reduction in the plasma collections.                  

The blood products can not meet the demands in Chinese market. It is estimated that the homophile numbers in China are about 80 to 100 thousand, four fifths of which are short of ? factor and only less than 10% of which are received the formal treatments. 

Out of consideration for the prevention of blood diseases, such as AIDS, Chinese government limited the imports of blood products abroad from 1986. According to the present situation of the demands of the blood products exceeding the supplies and the pursuit of the blood products, the limitations for the blood products will loosen. In May of 2008, Chinese government announced that the import temporary tariff was adjusted from 3% to zone from 1st June, 2008 to 3rd December, 2008, including antiserum, human vaccines, culture organism and the similarities of the blood albumin and human vaccines.

The international blood product giants, such as CSL Behring and Baxter International Inc. have already distributed in China and developed fast.

With the development of Chinese blood product industry, the concentration of Chinese blood product industry is also improved. The competitions among the blood product enterprises are mainly the comprehensive strength competitions, such as the researches on the new products, the marketing promotions, the quality and safety of the products and the control ability of the blood raw materials. Meanwhile, the mergers and acquisitions among the enterprises went on all the time. In 2008, Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd had become the largest enterprises of blood products by merging Chengdu Rongsheng Biological Products Co., Ltd

As far as the oversea blood product enterprises are concerned, there exists huge market potential in Chinese blood product industry. On the one hand, they can obtain rich profits by exporting blood products to China. On the other hand, they can set up production bases in China by finding out the merger and acquisition opportunities among Chinese blood product enterprises.

The author wrote this report by the interviews of the patients and enterprises and the profound investigation into Chinese blood product industry.

More following information can be obtained in this report:
- Overview of Global Blood Product Industry
- Scales of Chinese Blood Product Industry
- Development of the Major Products in Chinese Blood Product Industry
- Collections of Chinese Blood Product Industry
- Policies of Chinese Blood Product Industry
- Demands of Chinese Blood Product Industry
- Major Enterprises of Chinese Blood Product Industry
- Chinese Blood Product Industry
- Distributions of International Blood Product Giants in Chinese Market
-Favorable and Unfavorable Factors Affecting the Development of Chinese Blood Product Industry
- Influences of International Financial Crisis on Chinese Blood Product Industry
"

To get more details, please visit http://www.shcri.com/reportdetail.asp?id=262

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In 2008, the total yields of Chinese dairy products were 18.106 million tons, up by 1.3% of last year. The sales volumes held the line with last year. The sales revenues reduced by 5% and export revenues by 10%.

During 2003-2007, Chinese dairy industry developed fast and the product structures changed a lot. Dairy industry has been the leader in Chinese food manufactures, with the growth rates of annual production and sales revenues over 10%.

But in 2008, Chinese dairy industry was seriously stroke from home and abroad, showing declines.

First, from September of 2008, the exposure of melamine event led to serious influences on Chinese dairy product industry. Sanlu, as the core of event, was bankrupted. The sales of enterprises involved in the event reduced. The event made Chinese consumers worry about the safety of domestic dairy products, which persisted to present.

Second, the international financial crisis seriously affected Chinese dairy product industry

On February, 2009, Chinese government issued the Adjustment and Revitalization Plans of Light Industry, including the supports in dairy product industry, which mainly lied in the following: strengthening Chinese food safety, improving entry conditions, perfecting recall and delist systems and strengthening the punishment of manufacturing and marketing of counterfeit and substandard goods and etc.

Chinese dairy product industry, suffered from the doubles blows, however, did not cut down as a whole. There were many reasons for that. On the one hand, the demands for dairy products were irreplaceable for Chinese students, the olds and babies etc. Meanwhile, the occurrence of melamine event made Chinese consumers doubt the national dairy products, but the enterprises took different measures to reverse the consumers` confidence. Also, some regional enterprises began to construct or expand so as to occupy the market. The foreign funded enterprises intensified their distribution in Chinese market. Nestlé, Danone and so on, quickened their expansions in Chinese dairy product market. Some foreign funded enterprises in other food industry began to entered Chinese dairy product market. The market blank was quickly filled by Chinese regional dairy enterprises and foreign funded enterprises.

Under the circumstances of international financial crisis, it is predicted that Chinese dairy product industry will still keep annual growth speed of 2-3% in 2009 to 2010. There were still opportunities of mergers and acquisitions and technology reform etc. Import products can be developed in medium and high quality market.

The analysts of our company made a profound investigation into Chinese dairy product industry and the enterprises by interviews with the purposes of giving the international and domestic dairy product enterprises some recommendations to tide over and cope with the challenges of international financial crisis through discovering opportunities in Chinese market.

Here we are extremely grateful for the valuable references and suggestions from Dr. Steven. Wong.

Readers can obtain more following information:

-Production and Development Trends of Chinese Dairy Product Industry

-Demands and Development Trends of Chinese Dairy Product Industry

- Imports and Exports and Development Trends of Chinese Dairy Product Industry

- Favorable Factors for the Development of Chinese Dairy Product Industry

- Unfavorable Factors for the Development of Chinese Dairy Product Industry

- Influences of Melamine Event on Chinese Dairy Product Industry

- Influences of International Financial Crisis on Chinese Dairy Product Industry

- Operations and Development Trends of Major Local Enterprises in Chinese Dairy Product Industry under International Financial Crisis      

- Operations and Development Trends of Major Foreign Funded Enterprises in Chinese Dairy Product Industry under International Financial Crisis      

-Short, Medium and Long Term Influences of Adjustment and Revitalization Plans of Light Industry on Chinese Dairy Product Industry

- Subsistent Opportunities for Chinese Dairy Product Industry under International Financial Crisis

To get more details, please visit Report of Chinese Dairy Product Industry under International Financial Crisis, 2009

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